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1 Photoreceptors in the retina (such as cones) have special channels that are open to Na+ in the dark. When light hits photoreceptors, these special channels close. What can you conclude from this?
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2 a) Photoreceptors depolarize to light.
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3 b) Photoreceptors hyperpolarize to light.
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4 c) Photoreceptor voltage does not change in the presence of light.
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5 d) None of the above
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6
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7
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8 What happens in a photoreceptor cell (a rod, for example) in response to a light stimulus?
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9 a) rod membrane depolarizes because Na+ channels open as a result of a decrease in second messenger cGMP
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10 b) rod membrane hyperpolarizes because K+ channels open as a result of a decrease in second messenger cGMP
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11 c) rod membrane hyperpolarizes because Na+ channels close as a result of a decrease in second messenger cGMP
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12 d) rod membrane depolarize because K+ channels close as a result of a increase in second messenger cGMP
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13
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14
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15 A difference between rods and cones is:
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16 a) Rods hyperpolarize to light, while cones depolarize to light
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17 b) Rods are much larger than Cones, and more numerous.
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18 c) Cones and rods use different types of opsins
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19 d) The total volume of all Cones is smaller than that of Rods
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26 To approximate an ideal OpAmp, all OpAmps should:
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27
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28 a) have almost infinite positive open loop gain
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29 b) have almost infinite negative open loop gain
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30 c) have almost infinite positive output drift
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31 d) have almost infinite negative output drift
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
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37 Normal OpAmps all approximate an ideal OpAmp. An Ideal OpAmp:
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38
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39 I Has infinite positive open loop gain
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40 II Has zero open loop gain
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41 III Is an IC
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42 IV Has zero output drift
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43 V Has output drift of -1
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44
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45
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46 a) I,III,V
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47 b) II,III,V
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48 c) II,V
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49 d) I,IV
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50
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51
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52
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53
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54 A difference between the 741 OpAmp and the K2-W OpAmp is:
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55
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56 a) the 741 has a large negative open loop gain while the K2-W has a large positive open loop gain
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57 b) the 741 is an IC while the K2-W is not
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58
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59
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60
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61
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62
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63
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64 I |
