/**

  * @(#)AVIOutputStream.java  1.5.1  2011-01-17

  *

  * Copyright (c) 2008-2011 Werner Randelshofer, Immensee, Switzerland.

  * All rights reserved.

  *

  * You may not use, copy or modify this file, except in compliance with the

  * license agreement you entered into with Werner Randelshofer.

  * For details see accompanying license terms.

  */

 package ca.randelshofer;

 

 import java.awt.Dimension;

 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

 import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;

 import java.awt.image.IndexColorModel;

 import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;

 import java.io.File;

 import java.io.FileInputStream;

 import java.io.IOException;

 import java.io.InputStream;

 import java.io.OutputStream;

 import java.util.Arrays;

 import java.util.Date;

 import java.util.LinkedList;

 

 import javax.imageio.IIOImage;

 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

 import javax.imageio.ImageWriteParam;

 import javax.imageio.ImageWriter;

 import javax.imageio.stream.FileImageOutputStream;

 import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;

 import javax.imageio.stream.MemoryCacheImageOutputStream;

 

 /**

  * This class supports writing of images into an AVI 1.0 video file.

  * <p>

  * The images are written as video frames.

  * <p>

  * Video frames can be encoded with one of the following formats:

  * <ul>

  * <li>JPEG</li>

  * <li>PNG</li>

  * <li>RAW</li>

  * <li>RLE</li>

  * </ul>

  * All frames must have the same format.

  * When JPG is used each frame can have an individual encoding quality.

  * <p>

  * All frames in an AVI file must have the same duration. The duration can

  * be set by setting an appropriate pair of values using methods

  * {@link #setFrameRate} and {@link #setTimeScale}.

  * <p>

  * The length of an AVI 1.0 file is limited to 1 GB.

  * This class supports lengths of up to 4 GB, but such files may not work on

  * all players.

  * <p>

  * For detailed information about the AVI RIFF file format see:<br>

  * <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms779636.aspx">msdn.microsoft.com AVI RIFF</a><br>

  * <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/archive/fourcc.mspx">www.microsoft.com FOURCC for Video Compression</a><br>

  * <a href="http://www.saettler.com/RIFFMCI/riffmci.html">www.saettler.com RIFF</a><br>

  *

  * @author Werner Randelshofer

  * @version 1.5.1 2011-01-17 Fixes unintended closing of output stream..

  * <br>1.5 2011-01-06 Adds support for RLE 8-bit video format.

  * <br>1.4 2011-01-04 Adds support for RAW 4-bit and 8-bit video format. Fixes offsets

  * in "idx1" chunk.

  * <br>1.3.2 2010-12-27 File size limit is 1 GB.

  * <br>1.3.1 2010-07-19 Fixes seeking and calculation of offsets.

  * <br>1.3 2010-07-08 Adds constructor with ImageOutputStream.

  * Added method getVideoDimension().

  * <br>1.2 2009-08-29 Adds support for RAW video format.

  * <br>1.1 2008-08-27 Fixes computation of dwMicroSecPerFrame in avih

  * chunk. Changed the API to reflect that AVI works with frame rates instead of

  * with frame durations.

  * <br>1.0.1 2008-08-13 Uses FourCC "MJPG" instead of "jpg " for JPG

  * encoded video.

  * <br>1.0 2008-08-11 Created.

  */

 public class AVIOutputStream {

 

     /**

      * Underlying output stream.

      */

     private ImageOutputStream out;

     /** The offset of the QuickTime stream in the underlying ImageOutputStream.

      * Normally this is 0 unless the underlying stream already contained data

      * when it was passed to the constructor.

      */

     private long streamOffset;

     /** Previous frame for delta compression. */

     

     /**

      * Supported video encodings.

      */

     public static enum VideoFormat {

 

         RAW, RLE, JPG, PNG;

     }

     /**

      * Current video formats.

      */

     private VideoFormat videoFormat;

     /**

      * Quality of JPEG encoded video frames.

      */

     private float quality = 0.9f;

     /**

      * Width of the video frames. All frames must have the same width.

      * The value -1 is used to mark unspecified width.

      */

     private int imgWidth = -1;

     /**

      * Height of the video frames. All frames must have the same height.

      * The value -1 is used to mark unspecified height.

      */

     private int imgHeight = -1;

     /** Number of bits per pixel. */

     private int imgDepth = 24;

     /** Index color model for RAW_RGB4 and RAW_RGB8 formats. */

     private IndexColorModel palette;

     private IndexColorModel previousPalette;

     /** Video encoder. */

     

     /**

      * The timeScale of the movie.

      * <p>

      * Used with frameRate to specify the time scale that this stream will use.

      * Dividing frameRate by timeScale gives the number of samples per second.

      * For video streams, this is the frame rate. For audio streams, this rate

      * corresponds to the time needed to play nBlockAlign bytes of audio, which

      * for PCM audio is the just the sample rate.

      */

     private int timeScale = 1;

     /**

      * The frameRate of the movie in timeScale units.

      * <p>

      * @see timeScale

      */

     private int frameRate = 30;

     /**

      * The states of the movie output stream.

      */

     private static enum States {

 

         STARTED, FINISHED, CLOSED;

     }

     /**

      * The current state of the movie output stream.

      */

     private States state = States.FINISHED;

 

     /**

      * AVI stores media data in samples.

      * A sample is a single element in a sequence of time-ordered data.

      */

     private static class Sample {

 

         String chunkType;

         /** Offset of the sample relative to the start of the AVI file.

          */

         long offset;

         /** Data length of the sample. */

         long length;

         /** Whether the sample is a sync-sample. */

         boolean isSync;

 

         /**

          * Creates a new sample.

          * @param duration

          * @param offset

          * @param length

          */

         public Sample(String chunkId, int duration, long offset, long length, boolean isSync) {

             this.chunkType = chunkId;

             this.offset = offset;

             this.length = length;

             this.isSync = isSync;

         }

     }

     /**

      * List of video frames.

      */

     private LinkedList<Sample> videoFrames;

     /**

      * This chunk holds the whole AVI content.

      */

     private CompositeChunk aviChunk;

     /**

      * This chunk holds the movie frames.

      */

     private CompositeChunk moviChunk;

     /**

      * This chunk holds the AVI Main Header.

      */

     FixedSizeDataChunk avihChunk;

     /**

      * This chunk holds the AVI Stream Header.

      */

     FixedSizeDataChunk strhChunk;

     /**

      * This chunk holds the AVI Stream Format Header.

      */

     FixedSizeDataChunk strfChunk;

 

     /**

      * Chunk base class.

      */

     private abstract class Chunk {

 

         /**

          * The chunkType of the chunk. A String with the length of 4 characters.

          */

         protected String chunkType;

         /**

          * The offset of the chunk relative to the start of the

          * ImageOutputStream.

          */

         protected long offset;

 

         /**

          * Creates a new Chunk at the current position of the ImageOutputStream.

          * @param chunkType The chunkType of the chunk. A string with a length of 4 characters.

          */

         public Chunk(String chunkType) throws IOException {

             this.chunkType = chunkType;

             offset = getRelativeStreamPosition();

         }

 

         /**

          * Writes the chunk to the ImageOutputStream and disposes it.

          */

         public abstract void finish() throws IOException;

 

         /**

          * Returns the size of the chunk including the size of the chunk header.

          * @return The size of the chunk.

          */

         public abstract long size();

     }

 

     /**

      * A CompositeChunk contains an ordered list of Chunks.

      */

     private class CompositeChunk extends Chunk {

 

         /**

          * The type of the composite. A String with the length of 4 characters.

          */

         protected String compositeType;

         private LinkedList<Chunk> children;

         private boolean finished;

 

         /**

          * Creates a new CompositeChunk at the current position of the

          * ImageOutputStream.

          * @param compositeType The type of the composite.

          * @param chunkType The type of the chunk.

          */

         public CompositeChunk(String compositeType, String chunkType) throws IOException {

             super(chunkType);

             this.compositeType = compositeType;

             //out.write

             out.writeLong(0); // make room for the chunk header

             out.writeInt(0); // make room for the chunk header

             children = new LinkedList<Chunk>();

         }

 

         public void add(Chunk child) throws IOException {

             if (children.size() > 0) {

                 children.getLast().finish();

             }

             children.add(child);

         }

 

         /**

          * Writes the chunk and all its children to the ImageOutputStream

          * and disposes of all resources held by the chunk.

          * @throws java.io.IOException

          */

         @Override

         public void finish() throws IOException {

             if (!finished) {

                 if (size() > 0xffffffffL) {

                     throw new IOException("CompositeChunk \"" + chunkType + "\" is too large: " + size());

                 }

 

                 long pointer = getRelativeStreamPosition();

                 seekRelative(offset);

 

                 DataChunkOutputStream headerData = new DataChunkOutputStream(new ImageOutputStreamAdapter(out),false);

                 headerData.writeType(compositeType);

                 headerData.writeUInt(size() - 8);

                 headerData.writeType(chunkType);

                 for (Chunk child : children) {

                     child.finish();

                 }

                 seekRelative(pointer);

                 if (size() % 2 == 1) {

                     out.writeByte(0); // write pad byte

                 }

                 finished = true;

             }

         }

 

         @Override

         public long size() {

             long length = 12;

             for (Chunk child : children) {

                 length += child.size() + child.size() % 2;

             }

             return length;

         }

     }

 

     /**

      * Data Chunk.

      */

     private class DataChunk extends Chunk {

 

         private DataChunkOutputStream data;

         private boolean finished;

 

         /**

          * Creates a new DataChunk at the current position of the

          * ImageOutputStream.

          * @param chunkType The chunkType of the chunk.

          */

         public DataChunk(String name) throws IOException {

             super(name);

             out.writeLong(0); // make room for the chunk header

             data = new DataChunkOutputStream(new ImageOutputStreamAdapter(out), false);

         }

 

         public DataChunkOutputStream getOutputStream() {

             if (finished) {

                 throw new IllegalStateException("DataChunk is finished");

             }

             return data;

         }

 

         @Override

         public void finish() throws IOException {

             if (!finished) {

                 long sizeBefore = size();

 

                 if (size() > 0xffffffffL) {

                     throw new IOException("DataChunk \"" + chunkType + "\" is too large: " + size());

                 }

 

                 long pointer = getRelativeStreamPosition();

                 seekRelative(offset);

 

                 DataChunkOutputStream headerData = new DataChunkOutputStream(new ImageOutputStreamAdapter(out),false);

                 headerData.writeType(chunkType);

                 headerData.writeUInt(size() - 8);

                 seekRelative(pointer);

                 if (size() % 2 == 1) {

                     out.writeByte(0); // write pad byte

                 }

                 finished = true;

                 long sizeAfter = size();

                 if (sizeBefore != sizeAfter) {

                     System.err.println("size mismatch " + sizeBefore + ".." + sizeAfter);

                 }

             }

         }

 

         @Override

         public long size() {

             return 8 + data.size();

         }

     }

 

     /**

      * A DataChunk with a fixed size.

      */

     private class FixedSizeDataChunk extends Chunk {

 

         private DataChunkOutputStream data;

         private boolean finished;

         private long fixedSize;

 

         /**

          * Creates a new DataChunk at the current position of the

          * ImageOutputStream.

          * @param chunkType The chunkType of the chunk.

          */

         public FixedSizeDataChunk(String chunkType, long fixedSize) throws IOException {

             super(chunkType);

             this.fixedSize = fixedSize;

             data = new DataChunkOutputStream(new ImageOutputStreamAdapter(out),false);

             data.writeType(chunkType);

             data.writeUInt(fixedSize);

             data.clearCount();

 

             // Fill fixed size with nulls

             byte[] buf = new byte[(int) Math.min(512, fixedSize)];

             long written = 0;

             while (written < fixedSize) {

                 data.write(buf, 0, (int) Math.min(buf.length, fixedSize - written));

                 written += Math.min(buf.length, fixedSize - written);

             }

             if (fixedSize % 2 == 1) {

                 out.writeByte(0); // write pad byte

             }

             seekToStartOfData();

         }

 

         public DataChunkOutputStream getOutputStream() {

             /*if (finished) {

             throw new IllegalStateException("DataChunk is finished");

             }*/

             return data;

         }

 

         public void seekToStartOfData() throws IOException {

             seekRelative(offset + 8);

             data.clearCount();

         }

 

         public void seekToEndOfChunk() throws IOException {

             seekRelative(offset + 8 + fixedSize + fixedSize % 2);

         }

 

         @Override

         public void finish() throws IOException {

             if (!finished) {

                 finished = true;

             }

         }

 

         @Override

         public long size() {

             return 8 + fixedSize;

         }

     }

 

     /**

      * Creates a new AVI file with the specified video format and

      * frame rate. The video has 24 bits per pixel.

      *

      * @param file the output file

      * @param format Selects an encoder for the video format.

      * @param bitsPerPixel the number of bits per pixel.

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if videoFormat is null or if

      * frame rate is <= 0

      */

     public AVIOutputStream(File file, VideoFormat format) throws IOException {

         this(file,format,24);

     }

     /**

      * Creates a new AVI file with the specified video format and

      * frame rate.

      *

      * @param file the output file

      * @param format Selects an encoder for the video format.

      * @param bitsPerPixel the number of bits per pixel.

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if videoFormat is null or if

      * frame rate is <= 0

      */

     public AVIOutputStream(File file, VideoFormat format, int bitsPerPixel) throws IOException {

         if (format == null) {

             throw new IllegalArgumentException("format must not be null");

         }

 

         if (file.exists()) {

             file.delete();

         }

         this.out = new FileImageOutputStream(file);

         this.streamOffset = 0;

         this.videoFormat = format;

         this.videoFrames = new LinkedList<Sample>();

         this.imgDepth = bitsPerPixel;

         if (imgDepth == 4) {

             byte[] gray = new byte[16];

             for (int i = 0; i < gray.length; i++) {

                 gray[i] = (byte) ((i << 4) | i);

             }

             palette = new IndexColorModel(4, 16, gray, gray, gray);

         } else if (imgDepth == 8) {

             byte[] gray = new byte[256];

             for (int i = 0; i < gray.length; i++) {

                 gray[i] = (byte) i;

             }

             palette = new IndexColorModel(8, 256, gray, gray, gray);

         }

 

     }

 

     /**

      * Creates a new AVI output stream with the specified video format and

      * framerate.

      *

      * @param out the underlying output stream

      * @param format Selects an encoder for the video format.

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if videoFormat is null or if

      * framerate is <= 0

      */

     public AVIOutputStream(ImageOutputStream out, VideoFormat format) throws IOException {

         if (format == null) {

             throw new IllegalArgumentException("format must not be null");

         }

         this.out = out;

         this.streamOffset = out.getStreamPosition();

         this.videoFormat = format;

         this.videoFrames = new LinkedList<Sample>();

     }

 

     /**

      * Used with frameRate to specify the time scale that this stream will use.

      * Dividing frameRate by timeScale gives the number of samples per second.

      * For video streams, this is the frame rate. For audio streams, this rate

      * corresponds to the time needed to play nBlockAlign bytes of audio, which

      * for PCM audio is the just the sample rate.

      * <p>

      * The default value is 1.

      *

      * @param newValue

      */

     public void setTimeScale(int newValue) {

         if (newValue <= 0) {

             throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeScale must be greater 0");

         }

         this.timeScale = newValue;

     }

 

     /**

      * Returns the time scale of this media.

      *

      * @return time scale

      */

     public int getTimeScale() {

         return timeScale;

     }

 

     /**

      * Sets the rate of video frames in time scale units.

      * <p>

      * The default value is 30. Together with the default value 1 of timeScale

      * this results in 30 frames pers second.

      *

      * @param newValue

      */

     public void setFrameRate(int newValue) {

         if (newValue <= 0) {

             throw new IllegalArgumentException("frameDuration must be greater 0");

         }

         if (state == States.STARTED) {

             throw new IllegalStateException("frameDuration must be set before the first frame is written");

         }

         this.frameRate = newValue;

     }

 

     /**

      * Returns the frame rate of this media.

      *

      * @return frame rate

      */

     public int getFrameRate() {

         return frameRate;

     }

 

     /** Sets the global color palette. */

     public void setPalette(IndexColorModel palette) {

         this.palette = palette;

     }

 

     /**

      * Sets the compression quality of the video track.

      * A value of 0 stands for "high compression is important" a value of

      * 1 for "high image quality is important".

      * <p>

      * Changing this value affects frames which are subsequently written

      * to the AVIOutputStream. Frames which have already been written

      * are not changed.

      * <p>

      * This value has only effect on videos encoded with JPG format.

      * <p>

      * The default value is 0.9.

      *

      * @param newValue

      */

     public void setVideoCompressionQuality(float newValue) {

         this.quality = newValue;

     }

 

     /**

      * Returns the video compression quality.

      *

      * @return video compression quality

      */

     public float getVideoCompressionQuality() {

         return quality;

     }

 

     /**

      * Sets the dimension of the video track.

      * <p>

      * You need to explicitly set the dimension, if you add all frames from

      * files or input streams.

      * <p>

      * If you add frames from buffered images, then AVIOutputStream

      * can determine the video dimension from the image width and height.

      *

      * @param width Must be greater than 0.

      * @param height Must be greater than 0.

      */

     public void setVideoDimension(int width, int height) {

         if (width < 1 || height < 1) {

             throw new IllegalArgumentException("width and height must be greater zero.");

         }

         this.imgWidth = width;

         this.imgHeight = height;

     }

 

     /**

      * Gets the dimension of the video track.

      * <p>

      * Returns null if the dimension is not known.

      */

     public Dimension getVideoDimension() {

         if (imgWidth < 1 || imgHeight < 1) {

             return null;

         }

         return new Dimension(imgWidth, imgHeight);

     }

 

     /**

      * Sets the state of the AVIOutputStream to 'started'.

      * <p>

      * If the state is changed by this method, the prolog is

      * written.

      */

     private void ensureStarted() throws IOException {

         if (state != States.STARTED) {

             new Date();

             writeProlog();

             state = States.STARTED;

         }

     }

 

     /**

      * Writes a frame to the video track.

      * <p>

      * If the dimension of the video track has not been specified yet, it

      * is derived from the first buffered image added to the AVIOutputStream.

      *

      * @param image The frame image.

      *

      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the duration is less than 1, or

      * if the dimension of the frame does not match the dimension of the video

      * track.

      * @throws IOException if writing the image failed.

      */

     public void writeFrame(BufferedImage image) throws IOException {

         ensureOpen();

         ensureStarted();

 

         // Get the dimensions of the first image

         if (imgWidth == -1) {

             imgWidth = image.getWidth();

             imgHeight = image.getHeight();

         } else {

             // The dimension of the image must match the dimension of the video track

             if (imgWidth != image.getWidth() || imgHeight != image.getHeight()) {

                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Dimensions of image[" + videoFrames.size()

                         + "] (width=" + image.getWidth() + ", height=" + image.getHeight()

                         + ") differs from image[0] (width="

                         + imgWidth + ", height=" + imgHeight);

             }

         }

 

         DataChunk videoFrameChunk;

         long offset = getRelativeStreamPosition();

         boolean isSync = true;

         switch (videoFormat) {

             case RAW: {

                 switch (imgDepth) {

                     case 4: {

                         IndexColorModel imgPalette = (IndexColorModel) image.getColorModel();

                         int[] imgRGBs = new int[16];

                         imgPalette.getRGBs(imgRGBs);

                         int[] previousRGBs = new int[16];

                         if (previousPalette == null) {

                             previousPalette = palette;

                         }

                         previousPalette.getRGBs(previousRGBs);

                         if (!Arrays.equals(imgRGBs, previousRGBs)) {

                             previousPalette = imgPalette;

                             DataChunk paletteChangeChunk = new DataChunk("00pc");

                             /*

                             int first = imgPalette.getMapSize();

                             int last = -1;

                             for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {

                             if (previousRGBs[i] != imgRGBs[i] && i < first) {

                             first = i;

                             }

                             if (previousRGBs[i] != imgRGBs[i] && i > last) {

                             last = i;

                             }

                             }*/

                             int first = 0;

                             int last = imgPalette.getMapSize() - 1;

                             /*

                              * typedef struct {

                             BYTE         bFirstEntry;

                             BYTE         bNumEntries;

                             WORD         wFlags;

                             PALETTEENTRY peNew[];

                             } AVIPALCHANGE;

                              *

                              * typedef struct tagPALETTEENTRY {

                             BYTE peRed;

                             BYTE peGreen;

                             BYTE peBlue;

                             BYTE peFlags;

                             } PALETTEENTRY;

                              */

                             DataChunkOutputStream pOut = paletteChangeChunk.getOutputStream();

                             pOut.writeByte(first);//bFirstEntry

                             pOut.writeByte(last - first + 1);//bNumEntries

                             pOut.writeShort(0);//wFlags

 

                             for (int i = first; i <= last; i++) {

                                 pOut.writeByte((imgRGBs[i] >>> 16) & 0xff); // red

                                 pOut.writeByte((imgRGBs[i] >>> 8) & 0xff); // green

                                 pOut.writeByte(imgRGBs[i] & 0xff); // blue

                                 pOut.writeByte(0); // reserved*/

                             }

 

                             moviChunk.add(paletteChangeChunk);

                             paletteChangeChunk.finish();

                             long length = getRelativeStreamPosition() - offset;

                             videoFrames.add(new Sample(paletteChangeChunk.chunkType, 0, offset, length - 8, false));

                             offset = getRelativeStreamPosition();

                         }

 

                         videoFrameChunk = new DataChunk("00db");

                         byte[] rgb8 = ((DataBufferByte) image.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData();

                         byte[] rgb4 = new byte[imgWidth / 2];

                         for (int y = (imgHeight - 1) * imgWidth; y >= 0; y -= imgWidth) { // Upside down

                             for (int x = 0, xx = 0, n = imgWidth; x < n; x += 2, ++xx) {

                                 rgb4[xx] = (byte) (((rgb8[y + x] & 0xf) << 4) | (rgb8[y + x + 1] & 0xf));

                             }

                             videoFrameChunk.getOutputStream().write(rgb4);

                         }

                         break;

                     }

                     case 8: {

                         IndexColorModel imgPalette = (IndexColorModel) image.getColorModel();

                         int[] imgRGBs = new int[256];

                         imgPalette.getRGBs(imgRGBs);

                         int[] previousRGBs = new int[256];

                         if (previousPalette == null) {

                             previousPalette = palette;

                         }

                         previousPalette.getRGBs(previousRGBs);

                         if (!Arrays.equals(imgRGBs, previousRGBs)) {

                             previousPalette = imgPalette;

                             DataChunk paletteChangeChunk = new DataChunk("00pc");

                             /*

                             int first = imgPalette.getMapSize();

                             int last = -1;

                             for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {

                             if (previousRGBs[i] != imgRGBs[i] && i < first) {

                             first = i;

                             }

                             if (previousRGBs[i] != imgRGBs[i] && i > last) {

                             last = i;

                             }

                             }*/

                             int first = 0;

                             int last = imgPalette.getMapSize() - 1;

                             /*

                              * typedef struct {

                             BYTE         bFirstEntry;

                             BYTE         bNumEntries;

                             WORD         wFlags;

                             PALETTEENTRY peNew[];

                             } AVIPALCHANGE;

                              *

                              * typedef struct tagPALETTEENTRY {

                             BYTE peRed;

                             BYTE peGreen;

                             BYTE peBlue;

                             BYTE peFlags;

                             } PALETTEENTRY;

                              */

                             DataChunkOutputStream pOut = paletteChangeChunk.getOutputStream();

                             pOut.writeByte(first);//bFirstEntry

                             pOut.writeByte(last - first + 1);//bNumEntries

                             pOut.writeShort(0);//wFlags

 

                             for (int i = first; i <= last; i++) {

                                 pOut.writeByte((imgRGBs[i] >>> 16) & 0xff); // red

                                 pOut.writeByte((imgRGBs[i] >>> 8) & 0xff); // green

                                 pOut.writeByte(imgRGBs[i] & 0xff); // blue

                                 pOut.writeByte(0); // reserved*/

                             }

 

                             moviChunk.add(paletteChangeChunk);

                             paletteChangeChunk.finish();

                             long length = getRelativeStreamPosition() - offset;

                             videoFrames.add(new Sample(paletteChangeChunk.chunkType, 0, offset, length - 8, false));

                             offset = getRelativeStreamPosition();

                         }

 

                         videoFrameChunk = new DataChunk("00db");

                         byte[] rgb8 = ((DataBufferByte) image.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData();

                         for (int y = (imgHeight - 1) * imgWidth; y >= 0; y -= imgWidth) { // Upside down

                             videoFrameChunk.getOutputStream().write(rgb8, y, imgWidth);

                         }

                         break;

                     }

                     default: {

                         videoFrameChunk = new DataChunk("00db");

                         WritableRaster raster = image.getRaster();

                         int[] raw = new int[imgWidth * 3]; // holds a scanline of raw image data with 3 channels of 32 bit data

                         byte[] bytes = new byte[imgWidth * 3]; // holds a scanline of raw image data with 3 channels of 8 bit data

                         for (int y = imgHeight - 1; y >= 0; --y) { // Upside down

                             raster.getPixels(0, y, imgWidth, 1, raw);

                             for (int x = 0, n = imgWidth * 3; x < n; x += 3) {

                                 bytes[x + 2] = (byte) raw[x]; // Blue

                                 bytes[x + 1] = (byte) raw[x + 1]; // Green

                                 bytes[x] = (byte) raw[x + 2]; // Red

                             }

                             videoFrameChunk.getOutputStream().write(bytes);

                         }

                         break;

                     }

                 }

                 break;

             }

             

             case JPG: {

                 videoFrameChunk = new DataChunk("00dc");

                 ImageWriter iw = (ImageWriter) ImageIO.getImageWritersByMIMEType("image/jpeg").next();

                 ImageWriteParam iwParam = iw.getDefaultWriteParam();

                 iwParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_EXPLICIT);

                 iwParam.setCompressionQuality(quality);

                 MemoryCacheImageOutputStream imgOut = new MemoryCacheImageOutputStream(videoFrameChunk.getOutputStream());

                 iw.setOutput(imgOut);

                 IIOImage img = new IIOImage(image, null, null);

                 iw.write(null, img, iwParam);

                 iw.dispose();

                 break;

             }

             case PNG:

             default: {

                 videoFrameChunk = new DataChunk("00dc");

                 ImageWriter iw = (ImageWriter) ImageIO.getImageWritersByMIMEType("image/png").next();

                 ImageWriteParam iwParam = iw.getDefaultWriteParam();

                 MemoryCacheImageOutputStream imgOut = new MemoryCacheImageOutputStream(videoFrameChunk.getOutputStream());

                 iw.setOutput(imgOut);

                 IIOImage img = new IIOImage(image, null, null);

                 iw.write(null, img, iwParam);

                 iw.dispose();

                 break;

             }

         }

         long length = getRelativeStreamPosition() - offset;

         moviChunk.add(videoFrameChunk);

         videoFrameChunk.finish();

 

         videoFrames.add(new Sample(videoFrameChunk.chunkType, frameRate, offset, length - 8, isSync));

         if (getRelativeStreamPosition() > 1L << 32) {

             throw new IOException("AVI file is larger than 4 GB");

         }

     }

 

     /**

      * Writes a frame from a file to the video track.

      * <p>

      * This method does not inspect the contents of the file.

      * For example, Its your responsibility to only add JPG files if you have

      * chosen the JPEG video format.

      * <p>

      * If you add all frames from files or from input streams, then you

      * have to explicitly set the dimension of the video track before you

      * call finish() or close().

      *

      * @param file The file which holds the image data.

      *

      * @throws IllegalStateException if the duration is less than 1.

      * @throws IOException if writing the image failed.

      */

     public void writeFrame(File file) throws IOException {

         FileInputStream in = null;

         try {

             in = new FileInputStream(file);

             writeFrame(in);

         } finally {

             if (in != null) {

                 in.close();

             }

         }

     }

 

     /**

      * Writes a frame to the video track.

      * <p>

      * This method does not inspect the contents of the file.

      * For example, its your responsibility to only add JPG files if you have

      * chosen the JPEG video format.

      * <p>

      * If you add all frames from files or from input streams, then you

      * have to explicitly set the dimension of the video track before you

      * call finish() or close().

      *

      * @param in The input stream which holds the image data.

      *

      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the duration is less than 1.

      * @throws IOException if writing the image failed.

      */

     public void writeFrame(InputStream in) throws IOException {

         ensureOpen();

         ensureStarted();

 

         DataChunk videoFrameChunk = new DataChunk(

                 videoFormat == VideoFormat.RAW ? "00db" : "00dc");

         moviChunk.add(videoFrameChunk);

         OutputStream mdatOut = videoFrameChunk.getOutputStream();

         long offset = getRelativeStreamPosition();

         byte[] buf = new byte[512];

         int len;

         while ((len = in.read(buf)) != -1) {

             mdatOut.write(buf, 0, len);

         }

         long length = getRelativeStreamPosition() - offset;

         videoFrameChunk.finish();

         videoFrames.add(new Sample(videoFrameChunk.chunkType, frameRate, offset, length - 8, true));

         if (getRelativeStreamPosition() > 1L << 32) {

             throw new IOException("AVI file is larger than 4 GB");

         }

     }

 

     /**

      * Closes the movie file as well as the stream being filtered.

      *

      * @exception IOException if an I/O error has occurred

      */

     public void close() throws IOException {

         if (state == States.STARTED) {

             finish();

         }

         if (state != States.CLOSED) {

             out.close();

             state = States.CLOSED;

         }

     }

 

     /**

      * Finishes writing the contents of the AVI output stream without closing

      * the underlying stream. Use this method when applying multiple filters

      * in succession to the same output stream.

      *

      * @exception IllegalStateException if the dimension of the video track

      * has not been specified or determined yet.

      * @exception IOException if an I/O exception has occurred

      */

     public void finish() throws IOException {

         ensureOpen();

         if (state != States.FINISHED) {

             if (imgWidth == -1 || imgHeight == -1) {

                 throw new IllegalStateException("image width and height must be specified");

             }

 

             moviChunk.finish();

             writeEpilog();

             state = States.FINISHED;

             imgWidth = imgHeight = -1;

         }

     }

 

     /**

      * Check to make sure that this stream has not been closed

      */

     private void ensureOpen() throws IOException {

         if (state == States.CLOSED) {

             throw new IOException("Stream closed");

         }

     }

 

     /** Gets the position relative to the beginning of the QuickTime stream.

      * <p>

      * Usually this value is equal to the stream position of the underlying

      * ImageOutputStream, but can be larger if the underlying stream already

      * contained data.

      *

      * @return The relative stream position.

      * @throws IOException

      */

     private long getRelativeStreamPosition() throws IOException {

         return out.getStreamPosition() - streamOffset;

     }

 

     /** Seeks relative to the beginning of the QuickTime stream.

      * <p>

      * Usually this equal to seeking in the underlying ImageOutputStream, but

      * can be different if the underlying stream already contained data.

      *

      */

     private void seekRelative(long newPosition) throws IOException {

         out.seek(newPosition + streamOffset);

     }

 

     private void writeProlog() throws IOException {

         // The file has the following structure:

         //

         // .RIFF AVI

         // ..avih (AVI Header Chunk)

         // ..LIST strl

         // ...strh (Stream Header Chunk)

         // ...strf (Stream Format Chunk)

         // ..LIST movi

         // ...00dc (Compressed video data chunk in Track 00, repeated for each frame)

         // ..idx1 (List of video data chunks and their location in the file)

 

         // The RIFF AVI Chunk holds the complete movie

         aviChunk = new CompositeChunk("RIFF", "AVI ");

         CompositeChunk hdrlChunk = new CompositeChunk("LIST", "hdrl");

 

         // Write empty AVI Main Header Chunk - we fill the data in later

         aviChunk.add(hdrlChunk);

         avihChunk = new FixedSizeDataChunk("avih", 56);

         avihChunk.seekToEndOfChunk();

         hdrlChunk.add(avihChunk);

 

         CompositeChunk strlChunk = new CompositeChunk("LIST", "strl");

         hdrlChunk.add(strlChunk);

 

         // Write empty AVI Stream Header Chunk - we fill the data in later

         strhChunk = new FixedSizeDataChunk("strh", 56);

         strhChunk.seekToEndOfChunk();

         strlChunk.add(strhChunk);

         strfChunk = new FixedSizeDataChunk("strf", palette == null ? 40 : 40 + palette.getMapSize() * 4);

         strfChunk.seekToEndOfChunk();

         strlChunk.add(strfChunk);

 

         moviChunk = new CompositeChunk("LIST", "movi");

         aviChunk.add(moviChunk);

 

 

     }

 

     private void writeEpilog() throws IOException {

        

         long bufferSize = 0;

         for (Sample s : videoFrames) {

             if (s.length > bufferSize) {

                 bufferSize = s.length;

             }

         }

 

 

         DataChunkOutputStream d;

 

         /* Create Idx1 Chunk and write data

          * -------------

         typedef struct _avioldindex {

         FOURCC  fcc;

         DWORD   cb;

         struct _avioldindex_entry {

         DWORD   dwChunkId;

         DWORD   dwFlags;

         DWORD   dwOffset;

         DWORD   dwSize;

         } aIndex[];

         } AVIOLDINDEX;

          */

         DataChunk idx1Chunk = new DataChunk("idx1");

         aviChunk.add(idx1Chunk);

         d = idx1Chunk.getOutputStream();

         long moviListOffset = moviChunk.offset + 8;

         //moviListOffset = 0;

         for (Sample f : videoFrames) {

 

             d.writeType(f.chunkType); // dwChunkId

             // Specifies a FOURCC that identifies a stream in the AVI file. The

             // FOURCC must have the form 'xxyy' where xx is the stream number and yy

             // is a two-character code that identifies the contents of the stream:

             //

             // Two-character code   Description

             //  db                  Uncompressed video frame

             //  dc                  Compressed video frame

             //  pc                  Palette change

             //  wb                  Audio data

 

             d.writeUInt((f.chunkType.endsWith("pc") ? 0x100 : 0x0)//

                     | (f.isSync ? 0x10 : 0x0)); // dwFlags

             // Specifies a bitwise combination of zero or more of the following

             // flags:

             //

             // Value    Name            Description

             // 0x10     AVIIF_KEYFRAME  The data chunk is a key frame.

             // 0x1      AVIIF_LIST      The data chunk is a 'rec ' list.

             // 0x100    AVIIF_NO_TIME   The data chunk does not affect the timing of the

             //                          stream. For example, this flag should be set for

             //                          palette changes.

 

             d.writeUInt(f.offset - moviListOffset); // dwOffset

             // Specifies the location of the data chunk in the file. The value

             // should be specified as an offset, in bytes, from the start of the

             // 'movi' list; however, in some AVI files it is given as an offset from

             // the start of the file.

 

             d.writeUInt(f.length); // dwSize

             // Specifies the size of the data chunk, in bytes.

         }

         idx1Chunk.finish();

 

         /* Write Data into AVI Main Header Chunk

          * -------------

          * The AVIMAINHEADER structure defines global information in an AVI file.

          * see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms779632(VS.85).aspx

         typedef struct _avimainheader {

         FOURCC fcc;

         DWORD  cb;

         DWORD  dwMicroSecPerFrame;

         DWORD  dwMaxBytesPerSec;

         DWORD  dwPaddingGranularity;

         DWORD  dwFlags;

         DWORD  dwTotalFrames;

         DWORD  dwInitialFrames;

         DWORD  dwStreams;

         DWORD  dwSuggestedBufferSize;

         DWORD  dwWidth;

         DWORD  dwHeight;

         DWORD  dwReserved[4];

         } AVIMAINHEADER; */

         avihChunk.seekToStartOfData();

         d = avihChunk.getOutputStream();

 

         d.writeUInt((1000000L * (long) timeScale) / (long) frameRate); // dwMicroSecPerFrame

         // Specifies the number of microseconds between frames.

         // This value indicates the overall timing for the file.

 

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwMaxBytesPerSec

         // Specifies the approximate maximum data rate of the file.

         // This value indicates the number of bytes per second the system

         // must handle to present an AVI sequence as specified by the other

         // parameters contained in the main header and stream header chunks.

 

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwPaddingGranularity

         // Specifies the alignment for data, in bytes. Pad the data to multiples

         // of this value.

 

         d.writeUInt(0x10); // dwFlags (0x10 == hasIndex)

         // Contains a bitwise combination of zero or more of the following

         // flags:

         //

         // Value   Name         Description

         // 0x10    AVIF_HASINDEX Indicates the AVI file has an index.

         // 0x20    AVIF_MUSTUSEINDEX Indicates that application should use the

         //                      index, rather than the physical ordering of the

         //                      chunks in the file, to determine the order of

         //                      presentation of the data. For example, this flag

         //                      could be used to create a list of frames for

         //                      editing.

         // 0x100   AVIF_ISINTERLEAVED Indicates the AVI file is interleaved.

         // 0x1000  AVIF_WASCAPTUREFILE Indicates the AVI file is a specially

         //                      allocated file used for capturing real-time

         //                      video. Applications should warn the user before

         //                      writing over a file with this flag set because

         //                      the user probably defragmented this file.

         // 0x20000 AVIF_COPYRIGHTED Indicates the AVI file contains copyrighted

         //                      data and software. When this flag is used,

         //                      software should not permit the data to be

         //                      duplicated.

 

         d.writeUInt(videoFrames.size()); // dwTotalFrames

         // Specifies the total number of frames of data in the file.

 

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwInitialFrames

         // Specifies the initial frame for interleaved files. Noninterleaved

         // files should specify zero. If you are creating interleaved files,

         // specify the number of frames in the file prior to the initial frame

         // of the AVI sequence in this member.

         // To give the audio driver enough audio to work with, the audio data in

         // an interleaved file must be skewed from the video data. Typically,

         // the audio data should be moved forward enough frames to allow

         // approximately 0.75 seconds of audio data to be preloaded. The

         // dwInitialRecords member should be set to the number of frames the

         // audio is skewed. Also set the same value for the dwInitialFrames

         // member of the AVISTREAMHEADER structure in the audio stream header

 

         d.writeUInt(1); // dwStreams

         // Specifies the number of streams in the file. For example, a file with

         // audio and video has two streams.

 

         d.writeUInt(bufferSize); // dwSuggestedBufferSize

         // Specifies the suggested buffer size for reading the file. Generally,

         // this size should be large enough to contain the largest chunk in the

         // file. If set to zero, or if it is too small, the playback software

         // will have to reallocate memory during playback, which will reduce

         // performance. For an interleaved file, the buffer size should be large

         // enough to read an entire record, and not just a chunk.

 

 

         d.writeUInt(imgWidth); // dwWidth

         // Specifies the width of the AVI file in pixels.

 

         d.writeUInt(imgHeight); // dwHeight

         // Specifies the height of the AVI file in pixels.

 

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwReserved[0]

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwReserved[1]

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwReserved[2]

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwReserved[3]

         // Reserved. Set this array to zero.

 

         /* Write Data into AVI Stream Header Chunk

          * -------------

          * The AVISTREAMHEADER structure contains information about one stream

          * in an AVI file.

          * see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms779638(VS.85).aspx

         typedef struct _avistreamheader {

         FOURCC fcc;

         DWORD  cb;

         FOURCC fccType;

         FOURCC fccHandler;

         DWORD  dwFlags;

         WORD   wPriority;

         WORD   wLanguage;

         DWORD  dwInitialFrames;

         DWORD  dwScale;

         DWORD  dwRate;

         DWORD  dwStart;

         DWORD  dwLength;

         DWORD  dwSuggestedBufferSize;

         DWORD  dwQuality;

         DWORD  dwSampleSize;

         struct {

         short int left;

         short int top;

         short int right;

         short int bottom;

         }  rcFrame;

         } AVISTREAMHEADER;

          */

         strhChunk.seekToStartOfData();

         d = strhChunk.getOutputStream();

         d.writeType("vids"); // fccType - vids for video stream

         // Contains a FOURCC that specifies the type of the data contained in

         // the stream. The following standard AVI values for video and audio are

         // defined:

         //

         // FOURCC   Description

         // 'auds'   Audio stream

         // 'mids'   MIDI stream

         // 'txts'   Text stream

         // 'vids'   Video stream

 

         switch (videoFormat) {

             case RAW:

                 d.writeType("DIB "); // fccHandler - DIB for Raw RGB

                 break;

             case RLE:

                 d.writeType("RLE "); // fccHandler - Microsoft RLE

                 break;

             case JPG:

                 d.writeType("MJPG"); // fccHandler - MJPG for Motion JPEG

                 break;

             case PNG:

             default:

                 d.writeType("png "); // fccHandler - png for PNG

                 break;

         }

         // Optionally, contains a FOURCC that identifies a specific data

         // handler. The data handler is the preferred handler for the stream.

         // For audio and video streams, this specifies the codec for decoding

         // the stream.

 

         if (imgDepth <= 8) {

             d.writeUInt(0x00010000); // dwFlags - AVISF_VIDEO_PALCHANGES

         } else {

             d.writeUInt(0); // dwFlags

         }

 

         // Contains any flags for the data stream. The bits in the high-order

         // word of these flags are specific to the type of data contained in the

         // stream. The following standard flags are defined:

         //

         // Value    Name        Description

         //          AVISF_DISABLED 0x00000001 Indicates this stream should not

         //                      be enabled by default.

         //          AVISF_VIDEO_PALCHANGES 0x00010000

         //                      Indicates this video stream contains

         //                      palette changes. This flag warns the playback

         //                      software that it will need to animate the

         //                      palette.

 

         d.writeUShort(0); // wPriority

         // Specifies priority of a stream type. For example, in a file with

         // multiple audio streams, the one with the highest priority might be

         // the default stream.

 

         d.writeUShort(0); // wLanguage

         // Language tag.

 

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwInitialFrames

         // Specifies how far audio data is skewed ahead of the video frames in

         // interleaved files. Typically, this is about 0.75 seconds. If you are

         // creating interleaved files, specify the number of frames in the file

         // prior to the initial frame of the AVI sequence in this member. For

         // more information, see the remarks for the dwInitialFrames member of

         // the AVIMAINHEADER structure.

 

         d.writeUInt(timeScale); // dwScale

         // Used with dwRate to specify the time scale that this stream will use.

         // Dividing dwRate by dwScale gives the number of samples per second.

         // For video streams, this is the frame rate. For audio streams, this

         // rate corresponds to the time needed to play nBlockAlign bytes of

         // audio, which for PCM audio is the just the sample rate.

 

         d.writeUInt(frameRate); // dwRate

         // See dwScale.

 

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwStart

         // Specifies the starting time for this stream. The units are defined by

         // the dwRate and dwScale members in the main file header. Usually, this

         // is zero, but it can specify a delay time for a stream that does not

         // start concurrently with the file.

 

         d.writeUInt(videoFrames.size()); // dwLength

         // Specifies the length of this stream. The units are defined by the

         // dwRate and dwScale members of the stream's header.

 

         d.writeUInt(bufferSize); // dwSuggestedBufferSize

         // Specifies how large a buffer should be used to read this stream.

         // Typically, this contains a value corresponding to the largest chunk

         // present in the stream. Using the correct buffer size makes playback

         // more efficient. Use zero if you do not know the correct buffer size.

 

         d.writeInt(-1); // dwQuality

         // Specifies an indicator of the quality of the data in the stream.

         // Quality is represented as a number between 0 and 10,000.

         // For compressed data, this typically represents the value of the

         // quality parameter passed to the compression software. If set to –1,

         // drivers use the default quality value.

 

         d.writeUInt(0); // dwSampleSize

         // Specifies the size of a single sample of data. This is set to zero

         // if the samples can vary in size. If this number is nonzero, then

         // multiple samples of data can be grouped into a single chunk within

         // the file. If it is zero, each sample of data (such as a video frame)

         // must be in a separate chunk. For video streams, this number is

         // typically zero, although it can be nonzero if all video frames are

         // the same size. For audio streams, this number should be the same as

         // the nBlockAlign member of the WAVEFORMATEX structure describing the

         // audio.

 

         d.writeUShort(0); // rcFrame.left

         d.writeUShort(0); // rcFrame.top

         d.writeUShort(imgWidth); // rcFrame.right

         d.writeUShort(imgHeight); // rcFrame.bottom

         // Specifies the destination rectangle for a text or video stream within

         // the movie rectangle specified by the dwWidth and dwHeight members of

         // the AVI main header structure. The rcFrame member is typically used

         // in support of multiple video streams. Set this rectangle to the

         // coordinates corresponding to the movie rectangle to update the whole

         // movie rectangle. Units for this member are pixels. The upper-left

         // corner of the destination rectangle is relative to the upper-left

         // corner of the movie rectangle.

 

         /* Write BITMAPINFOHEADR Data into AVI Stream Format Chunk

         /* -------------

          * see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms779712(VS.85).aspx

         typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER {

         DWORD  biSize;

         LONG   biWidth;

         LONG   biHeight;

         WORD   biPlanes;

         WORD   biBitCount;

         DWORD  biCompression;

         DWORD  biSizeImage;

         LONG   biXPelsPerMeter;

         LONG   biYPelsPerMeter;

         DWORD  biClrUsed;

         DWORD  biClrImportant;

         } BITMAPINFOHEADER;

          */

         strfChunk.seekToStartOfData();

         d = strfChunk.getOutputStream();

         d.writeUInt(40); // biSize

         // Specifies the number of bytes required by the structure. This value

         // does not include the size of the color table or the size of the color

         // masks, if they are appended to the end of structure.

 

         d.writeInt(imgWidth); // biWidth

         // Specifies the width of the bitmap, in pixels.

 

         d.writeInt(imgHeight); // biHeight

         // Specifies the height of the bitmap, in pixels.

         //

         // For uncompressed RGB bitmaps, if biHeight is positive, the bitmap is

         // a bottom-up DIB with the origin at the lower left corner. If biHeight

         // is negative, the bitmap is a top-down DIB with the origin at the

         // upper left corner.

         // For YUV bitmaps, the bitmap is always top-down, regardless of the

         // sign of biHeight. Decoders should offer YUV formats with postive

         // biHeight, but for backward compatibility they should accept YUV

         // formats with either positive or negative biHeight.

         // For compressed formats, biHeight must be positive, regardless of

         // image orientation.

 

         d.writeShort(1); // biPlanes

         // Specifies the number of planes for the target device. This value must

         // be set to 1.

 

         d.writeShort(imgDepth); // biBitCount

         // Specifies the number of bits per pixel (bpp).  For uncompressed

         // formats, this value is the average number of bits per pixel. For

         // compressed formats, this value is the implied bit depth of the

         // uncompressed image, after the image has been decoded.

 

         switch (videoFormat) {

             case RAW:

             default:

                 d.writeInt(0); // biCompression - BI_RGB for uncompressed RGB

                 break;

             case RLE:

                 if (imgDepth == 8) {

                     d.writeInt(1); // biCompression - BI_RLE8

                 } else if (imgDepth == 4) {

                     d.writeInt(2); // biCompression - BI_RLE4

                 } else {

                     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("RLE only supports 4-bit and 8-bit images");

                 }

                 break;

             case JPG:

                 d.writeType("MJPG"); // biCompression - MJPG for Motion JPEG

                 break;

             case PNG:

                 d.writeType("png "); // biCompression - png for PNG

                 break;

         }

         // For compressed video and YUV formats, this member is a FOURCC code,

         // specified as a DWORD in little-endian order. For example, YUYV video

         // has the FOURCC 'VYUY' or 0x56595559. For more information, see FOURCC

         // Codes.

         //

         // For uncompressed RGB formats, the following values are possible:

         //

         // Value        Description

         // BI_RGB       0x00000000 Uncompressed RGB.

         // BI_BITFIELDS 0x00000003 Uncompressed RGB with color masks.

         //                         Valid for 16-bpp and 32-bpp bitmaps.

         //

         // Note that BI_JPG and BI_PNG are not valid video formats.

         //

         // For 16-bpp bitmaps, if biCompression equals BI_RGB, the format is

         // always RGB 555. If biCompression equals BI_BITFIELDS, the format is

         // either RGB 555 or RGB 565. Use the subtype GUID in the AM_MEDIA_TYPE

         // structure to determine the specific RGB type.

 

         switch (videoFormat) {

             case RAW:

                 d.writeInt(0); // biSizeImage

                 break;

             case RLE:

             case JPG:

             case PNG:

             default:

                 if (imgDepth == 4) {

                     d.writeInt(imgWidth * imgHeight / 2); // biSizeImage

                 } else {

                     int bytesPerPixel = Math.max(1, imgDepth / 8);

                     d.writeInt(imgWidth * imgHeight * bytesPerPixel); // biSizeImage

                 }

                 break;

         }

         // Specifies the size, in bytes, of the image. This can be set to 0 for

         // uncompressed RGB bitmaps.

 

         d.writeInt(0); // biXPelsPerMeter

         // Specifies the horizontal resolution, in pixels per meter, of the

         // target device for the bitmap.

 

         d.writeInt(0); // biYPelsPerMeter

         // Specifies the vertical resolution, in pixels per meter, of the target

         // device for the bitmap.

 

         d.writeInt(palette == null ? 0 : palette.getMapSize()); // biClrUsed

         // Specifies the number of color indices in the color table that are

         // actually used by the bitmap.

 

         d.writeInt(0); // biClrImportant

         // Specifies the number of color indices that are considered important

         // for displaying the bitmap. If this value is zero, all colors are

         // important.

 

         if (palette != null) {

             for (int i = 0, n = palette.getMapSize(); i < n; ++i) {

                 /*

                  * typedef struct tagRGBQUAD {

                 BYTE rgbBlue;

                 BYTE rgbGreen;

                 BYTE rgbRed;

                 BYTE rgbReserved; // This member is reserved and must be zero.

                 } RGBQUAD;

                  */

                 d.write(palette.getBlue(i));

                 d.write(palette.getGreen(i));

                 d.write(palette.getRed(i));

                 d.write(0);

             }

         }

 

 

         // -----------------

         aviChunk.finish();

     }

 }